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Characteristics of fuel crud and its impact on storage, handling, and shipment of spent fuel. [Fuel crud]

Authors: Hazelton, R.F.;

Characteristics of fuel crud and its impact on storage, handling, and shipment of spent fuel. [Fuel crud]

Abstract

Corrosion products, called ''crud,'' form on out-of-reactor surfaces of nuclear reactor systems and are transported by reactor coolant to the core, where they deposit on external fuel-rod cladding surfaces and are activated by nuclear reactions. After discharge of spent fuel from a reactor, spallation of radioactive crud from the fuel rods could impact wet or dry storage operations, handling (including rod consolidation), and shipping. It is the purpose of this report to review earlier (1970s) and more recent (1980s) literature relating to crud, its characteristics, and any impact it has had on actual operations. Crud characteristics vary from reactor type to reactor type, reactor to reactor, fuel assembly to fuel assembly in a reactor, circumferentially and axially in an assembly, and from cycle to cycle for a specific facility. To characterize crud of pressurized-water (PWRs) and boiling-water reactors (BWRs), published information was reviewed on appearance, chemical composition, areal density and thickness, structure, adhesive strength, particle size, and radioactivity. Information was also collected on experience with crud during spent fuel wet storage, rod consolidation, transportation, and dry storage. From experience with wet storage, rod consolidation, transportation, and dry storage, it appears crud spallation can be managed effectively, posing no significant radiological problems. 44 refs., 11 figs.

Country
United States
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Keywords

Water Moderated Reactors 050900* -- Nuclear Fuels-- Transport, Reactor Materials, Storage, Transport, Density, Chemical Composition, Dimensions, Fuels, Dry Storage, & Storage, Size, Materials Handling, Nuclear Fuels, Nuclear Reactions, Particle Size, Deposition, Materials, Spent Fuels, Spent Fuel Storage, Handling, Hazards, Pwr Type Reactors, 600, 054000 -- Nuclear Fuels-- Health & Safety, Bwr Type Reactors, Reactors, 11 Nuclear Fuel Cycle And Fuel Materials, 620, Physical Properties, Radioactivity, Deposits, Water Cooled Reactors, Energy Sources, Thickness, Spallation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Average
Average
Average