The present study aimed to assess the long-term dynamics of the synanthropic vegetation of the road and path network of the Ilmen State Reserve. The analysis of the synanthropic species spread among coenofloras of the elements of the road and path network revealed an increasing synanthropization index in the gradient of the stress factor for all forest types. Pine forest is the most resistant to the introduction of synanthropic species. The paper considers the element composition in the period before seed formation. 10 weeds most common in the central regions of Russia were analyzed. The studied weeds can accumulate metals in their green mass. Some wild plants are potentially resistant to metals, as they can grow on heavily dirty substrates. The analysis of the vegetational metals shows that most of the species do not translocate metals into their overground part, so they act as excluders. Due to the human-made impact on the natural landscape, synanthropic species of plants are taking a significant place in the structure of biodiversity.