Carbapenem resistance is now a public health concern worldwide. Carbapenem is considered the last resort antimicrobial drug used for treatment of hospital care associated infection and community acquired infection that resistant to all other β-lactam drugs. There are a different mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to carbapenem drug including efflux pump, porin mutation and production of carbapenemase enzyme that hydrolyze the drug. Carbapenemase enzymes were identified largely in different members of Enterobacteriaceae family which is a gram negative bacteria responsible for a variety of infectious diseases and this was associated with increased morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Many Risk factors were found to be associated with increased susceptibility to develop carbapenem resiatance that should be searched for to prevent further spread of resistance.Various phenotypic and genotypic tests are used to detect carbapenemase production with different sensitivity and specificity. The current state of carbapenem resistance is well identified in many parts of the world while in other places such as sub-Saharan Africa, this is not well known.