The word nano takes its meaning from the Greek word "nanos" which means dwarf. Nanoparticles are materials ranging in size between 1 and 100 nanometers. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that researches the physical, chemical and biological structures of materials with dimensions of one billionth and deals with their usage areas. Nanomaterials are the cornerstones of nanotechnology and they possess unique optical, magnetic and electrical properties in this dimension. What makes nanotechnology so interesting is that materials behave differently from the macro world in this dimension. Power / weight ratio, conductivity, optical and magnetic properties change significantly as we move from macro dimension to nanosize. In this study, after giving general information about nanomaterials, nanotechnology processes, imaging techniques of nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, nanocomposites, nanotechnology in nature and various nanotechnology applications have been investigated.