Over the past years, hyperketonemia has been shown to be associated with health and production of postpartum dairy cows. Many tests are available to detect hyperketonemia in blood, urine, and milk. A procedure that quantifies ketone bodies in milk is now available through the dairy herd improvement association (DHIA) sampling process; however, conflicting data are reported on the accuracy of this procedure. The main objective of this study was to validate the relationship between blood β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA) concentration and the concentrations of various milk components such as ketone bodies (BHBA and acetone), fat, protein, lactose, urea, and somatic cell count (SCC). A second objective was to identify thresholds for these indicators to diagnose hyperketonemia in dairy cows for surveillance purposes.