
doi: 10.2139/ssrn.6626305
This study critically re-evaluates traditional linear geometric models used to interpret the spatial distribution of archaeological sites relative to stellar patterns, as these models frequently neglect Earth’s curvature and planar projection distortions. As a mathematically robust alternative, we propose the Symbolic Azimuthal Corridor model, utilizing the Great Pyramid of Giza as a geodetic datum for directional analysis.Circular statistics (Rayleigh test) applied to a core sample (n = 10) demonstrate a strong directional clustering toward the south (μ = 169.4°, R = 0.973). While this high concentration reflects a pronounced pattern, potential hypothesis-driven selection bias was addressed by testing a combined dataset (n = 18) incorporating geographically independent control sites. Despite the introduction of spatial noise, the dataset remains statistically significant (R = 0.430, p = 0.0335), indicating a persistent directional signal.The model was further extended into a predictive remote sensing framework using Sentinel-2 NDVI/NDWI indices, demonstrating correspondence with known archaeological features, including elite tumuli in the Ferka region (Sudan) and megalithic pillar sites in the Turkana Basin (Kenya).Finally, the model identifies three High-Probability Targets (HPTs) in the Toshka Triangle, providing testable spatial hypotheses for future geophysical validation. These findings suggest that ancient African spatial organization may have incorporated a persistent symbolic or cosmological directional framework, rather than a precise one-to-one geometric mapping.Keywords: Spatial Archaeometry, Circular Statistics, Remote Sensing, Archeoastronomy, Azimuthal Analysis, Predictive Modeling
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