<p><span>This text is based on the 2026-version of lecture notes for the course “History of Economic Thought” taught at Charles University in Prague – Faculty of Social Sciences. It covers this history through combining three approaches.&nbsp;</span><span>The basic one gives chronologically the main theoretical developments: in Antiquity and Middle Ages, then Classical Political Economy, Neoclasssical Economics, The Austrian Economic School, Marxist Economics, The General Equilibrium Theory, Keynesian Economics, Monetarism, Institutional Economics and others.&nbsp; The second one describes the development of thought in some specific area of economics: Ethical Foundations, Property Rights, Public Finance, Economies as Systems, International Trade, Economic Growth and Development and Monetary Economics.&nbsp; The third one illustrates the development of economics on the lives and works of important economists: Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, John Maynard Keynes and Joseph Alois Schumpeter.</span></p>