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Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Financial Inclusion: Does Cultural Heterogeneity Matter?

Authors: Jérémie Bertrand; El Ghassem El Ghassem;

Financial Inclusion: Does Cultural Heterogeneity Matter?

Abstract

ABSTRACT Culture plays an important role in determining the financial inclusion of individuals. However, most studies consider culture as a homogeneous element. In this study, we lift the assumption of cultural homogeneity and look at how intra‐cultural variation, i.e., the population distribution of a characteristic within a culture, affects financial inclusion. We use the World Bank's Global Findex database and show that intra‐cultural variation in individualism values reduces financial inclusion. This reduction can be explained by the fact that a high degree of heterogeneity in the individualism cultural dimension leads to an increase in the informal network within a country and a decrease in trust in banking institutions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in individualistic countries, the effect of intra‐cultural variation outweighs that of the cultural means. This effect highlights the significance of considering cultural diversity in understanding financial inclusion. Our results are robust to several alternative specifications.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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