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SSRN Electronic Journal
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
Transportation Science
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
DBLP
Article . 2024
Data sources: DBLP
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Load Factor Optimization for the Auto-Carrier Loading Problem (ACLP)

Authors: Christian Jäck; Jochen Gönsch; Hans Dörmann-Osuna;

Load Factor Optimization for the Auto-Carrier Loading Problem (ACLP)

Abstract

The distribution of passenger vehicles is a complex task and a high cost factor for automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). On the way from the production plant to the customer, vehicles travel long distances on different carriers, such as ships, trains, and trucks. To save costs, OEMs and logistics service providers aim to maximize their loading capacities. Modern auto carriers are extremely flexible. Individual platforms can be rotated, extended, or combined to accommodate vehicles of different shapes and weights and to nest them in a way that makes the best use of the available space. In practice, finding feasible combinations is done with the help of simple heuristics or based on personal experience. In research, most papers that deal with auto carrier loading focus on route or cost optimization. Only a rough approximation of the loading subproblem is considered. In this paper, we present two different methodologies to approximate realistic load factors considering the flexibility of modern auto carriers and their height, length, and weight constraints. Based on our industry partner’s process, the vehicle distribution follows a first in, first out principle. For the first approach, we formulate the problem as a mixed integer, quadratically constrained assignment problem. The second approach considers the problem as a two-dimensional nesting problem with irregular shapes. We perform computational experiments using real-world data from a large German automaker to validate and compare both models with each other and with an approximate model adapted from the literature. The simulation results for the first approach show that, on average, for 9.37% of all auto carriers, it is possible to load an additional vehicle compared with the current industry solution. This translates to 1.36% less total costs. The performance of the nesting approach is slightly worse, but as it turns out, it is well-suited to check load combinations for feasibility.

Country
Germany
Related Organizations
Keywords

Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Mercator School of Management - Fakultät für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, auto carrier loading -- mixed integer linear programming -- nesting problems -- no-fit-polygon -- real world data, ScholarlyArticle, ddc: ddc:330

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green