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Fuel
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Fuel
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
SSRN Electronic Journal
Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Minimum Fluidization Velocity and Reduction Behavior of Combusted Iron Powder in a Fluidized Bed

Authors: C.J.M. Hessels; D.W.J. Lelivelt; N.C. Stevens; Y. Tang; N.G. Deen; G. Finotello;

Minimum Fluidization Velocity and Reduction Behavior of Combusted Iron Powder in a Fluidized Bed

Abstract

The fluidization and reduction behavior of micron-sized iron oxide powder, produced by iron combustion, is studied in a lab-scale cylindrical fluidized bed. The minimum fluidization velocity umf is found to stabilize above normalized static bed heights of 0.5 H/D (static bed height divided by the bed diameter). umf is measured as a function of temperature between 280 and 860 K for both H2 and N2 as fluidizing gas. The experimental results start to deviate from the Ergun correlation at temperatures above 560 K, both for N2 and H2. A new correlation, taking the cohesive inter-particle solid bridge force into account, is proposed in this work to predict the minimum fluidization velocity at high temperature. Reduction experiments are carried out for a total time of 5 h at constant excess velocity with 50, 75 and 100 vol% of H2 and temperatures between 623 and 823 K. Gradual defluidization occurs when the operating temperature exceeds 800 K. A maximum reduction degree of 61% is obtained at 807 K and 100 vol% H2.

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

Fluidized bed, Minimum fluidization velocity, Metal energy carrier, Iron oxide reduction, Cohesiveness, Solid bridge force

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
26
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
hybrid