
Serious concerns have been raised that false positive findings are widespread in empirical research in business research including finance. This is largely because researchers almost exclusively adopt the ``p-value less than 0.05" criterion for statistical significance; and they are often not fully aware of large-sample biases which can potentially mislead their research outcomes. This paper proposes that a statistical toolbox (rather than a single hammer) be used in empirical research, which offers researchers a range of statistical instruments, including alternatives to the p-value criterion and cautionary analyses for large-sample bias. It is found that the positive results obtained under the p-value criterion cannot stand, when the toolbox is applied to three notable studies in finance.
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