The solar cell is the device which converts light into electricity. Many models of solar cells had been proposed since the beginning of the solar energy exploitation. This paper presents a mathematical modeling of the three single diode models, more than that this work shows the effect of irradiance and temperature on the I-V and P-V characteristics of the PV module. In order to increase the power extracted from the solar system, it is necessary to operate the PV system at the maximum power point (MPP). This paper focuses on the Perturb and Observe method to track the MPP. Then we have simulated the overall system with the P&O algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink software due to its frequent use and its effectiveness.