Spanish Abstract: El presente libro analiza los intereses contrapuestos en relacion con el manejo, uso, utilizacion y aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales de los territorios indigenas, generan conflictos ambientales en donde uno de los escenarios privilegiados de expresion de los mismos es el de la consulta previa: cuando se adelanta o por el contrario, cuando aunque sea obligatoria, no se impulsa o se hace de manera inadecuada, es decir, sin el cumplimiento de los requisitos minimos establecidos.English Abstract: The present book entitled from prior consultation to free, prior and informed consent of Indigenous Peoples focus on the central points of this fundamental right which Indigenous People and the other ethnic groups have. Hence, the author deeply analyzes this issue. These ethnic groups must be consulted in every occasion that a legislative or administrative decision affects them directly. However, there is a current perception that the prior consultation is a permanent source of conflicts between State’s institutions, the productive sector and these communities. This situation has resulted in a stigmatization of the indigenous peoples and their rights.