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Energy Gain Efficiency in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)

Authors: Najeeb Alharthy; Hossein Kazemi; Ramona Graves; John Akinboyewa;

Energy Gain Efficiency in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)

Abstract

AbstractSteam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is a highly popular method for extracting bitumen in situ, and has gained wide acceptance for unlocking Canada's bitumen reserves. Although SAGD is very attractive, it is energy and labor intensive, produces significant quantity of emissions, and requires large water resource and treatment facility. This study addresses these issues by proposing a method to sequester steam boiler exhaust CO2, but focuses specifically on improving the energy gain ratio by reducing the energy input. The proposed method is to augment steam injection with less energy intensive, less expensive, non-condensable gases (CO2 and flue). To quantify the benefits of the method and assess the effectiveness of the process we use energy gain ratio as the main yardstick of the assessment. Five cases of SAGD were simulated with a thermal simulator using a bitumen field data. The study conclusively shows that the process is viable. Specifically the study results in four main conclusions: First, energy gain ratio can be improved by augmenting steam injection with non-condensable gases, for example, if we augment CO2 with steam in a cyclic fashion, energy gain increases by a factor of 1.5 to almost 2. Second, CO2 and flue gas produce the same energy gain ratios and the same recovery factors. Third, intermittent cyclic steam injection performs better than the continuous steam injection in terms of energy gain ratio and recovery factor. Fourth, the injection sequence and the length of the steam and non-condensable gas cycles are important to optimize water and gas breakthrough times. It can also be inferred that reducing steam injection produces economic gains by reducing water usage, fuel requirements for steam generation, and water softening volumes. Also augmenting steam with non-condensable gases reduces green house gas emissions.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Average
Average
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