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Vadose Zone Journal
Article . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Vadose Zone Journal
Article . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Data sources: Crossref
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Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Gravel-Filled Cavities

Authors: Alon Ben‐Gal; Naftali Lazorovitch; Uri Shani;

Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Gravel-Filled Cavities

Abstract

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is regularly used to provide water and nutrients to plants while maintaining a dry soil surface. Problems associated with the practice of SDI are spatially dependent reductions in dripper discharge and possible surfacing of water resulting from positive pressure at the emitter–soil interface. These can be resolved either through prudent care in matching dripper flow rates to soil hydraulic properties or by otherwise providing conditions under which positive pressure cannot arise. We present a method where water is applied to the soil within a gravel‐filled cavity. The necessary volume of gravel is determined by the contact area between the cavity and the soil and is a function of irrigation rates, dripper spacing, and soil hydraulic properties. A theoretical solution for the radius of a gravel‐filled cavity based on the perimeter of the saturated zone from a line source in the soil demonstrates that larger cavities are needed as soil hydraulic conductivity decreases. The method was tested using a numeric simulation model (HYDRUS‐2D) and was used and tested in a vineyard of table grapes ( Vitis Vinifera L. cv. Sugraone) in a 7‐yr study with SDI and gravel‐trenched subsurface application of effluent and fertilizers.

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
45
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
gold