Lower Carboniferous to Permian palynological zones are described from sections in central–western Argentina. In ascending stratigraphic order these zones are: (1) the Cordylosporites– Verrucosisporites (CV) Assemblage Biozone (spanning the Maliman and Cortaderas formations); (2) the Raistrickia densa– Convolutispora muriornata (DM) Assemblage Biozone (which is subdivided into: Sub-biozone A in the Guandacol and equivalent formations, Sub-biozone B in the Tupe Formation and equivalents, and Sub-biozone C in the upper part of the Santa Maxima and El Imperial formations); (3) the Fusacolpites fusus–Vittatina subsaccata (FS) Interval Biozone in the Bajo de Veliz and Tasa Cuna formations and equivalents, and (4) the Lueckisporites– Weylandites (LW) Assemblage Biozone in the De La Cuesta and Yacimiento Los Reyunos formations. The oldest biozone (CV) is assigned to the Early Carboniferous and the overlying DM Biozone to the Late Carboniferous. The uppermost FS and LW biozones are Permian in age. Palynological records show the impact of the Early-to-Late Carboniferous glacial event, which caused significant changes in the composition of the assemblages from this interval. Further studies are necessary to calibrate a regional geological time scale in Gondwana, which is essential for precise correlation.