
In this pilot-study, we investigated the short-term effects of natural stream discharge on the stream water quality at six sites located along the two urban streams - Bliznec (B) and Veliki potok (VP) - flowing through Zagreb, capital of Croatia. The streams source within the Medvednica Nature Park (upper stream reaches) and flow along an increasing urban gradient in central Zagreb region (middle and lower stream reaches). The following physico-chemical parameters were measured every other day over the two-week period in October 2017: stream discharge, water temperature and oxygen concentration, conductivity, pH, chemical oxygen demand (CODKMnO4), and in-stream concentrations of nutrients (nitrites, nitrates, orthophosphates). Nutrients were the most variable parameters during the two-week period. Bliznec generally showed significantly higher discharge and oxygen levels compared to Veliki potok, which had significantly higher CODKMnO4 and nitrite concentrations. Middle and lower stream reaches had significantly higher temperature, nitrite and nitrate concentrations in comparison to the upper reaches. Several physico-chemical parameters (discharge, nitrites, nitrates, orthophosphates, conductivity and CODKMnO44) evidenced to be highly synchronized between the two streams, among the three stream reaches and among the six sites over time, which was corroborated by relatively high proxy for temporal concordance (τ > 0.60) of these parameters. This indicated that environmental conditions (stream water quality) synchronously vary across space and over time along our study streams. The data also revealed significant between-site and temporal changes of the physico-chemical parameters after a major storm event. Moreover, conductivity was found to correlate with discharge. Findings of the present pilot study indicate that urban streams are very dynamic ecosystems showing an increased sensitivity to environmental changes, such as anthropogenic influences and local weather conditions. We suggest that the extensive environmental variability of urban streams should be considered in the scope of ecological studies and environmental management approaches within urban zones.
U ovom pilot-istraživanju istražili smo kratkoročne učinke prirodnog protoka na kakvoću vode na šest postaja smještenih duž dva urbana potoka - Blizneca (B) i Velikog potoka (VP) - koji protječu kroz Zagreb, glavni grad Hrvatske. Potoci izviru unutar Parka prirode Medvednica (gornji tok) i teku duž rastućeg urbanog gradijenta, kroz središnji dio Zagreba (srednji i donji tok). Svaki drugi dan tijekom dva tjedna u listopadu 2017. mjereni su sljedeći fizičko-kemijski parametri za vodu: protok, temperatura vode i koncentracija kisika, konduktivitet, pH, kemijska potrošnja kisika (KPKKMnO4) i koncentracija hranjivih soli (nitrita, nitrata, ortofosfata) u vodi. Najvarijabilniji parametri tijekom dva tjedna bile su koncentracije hranjivih soli. Bliznec je općenito pokazao značajno više vrijednosti protoka i koncentracije kisika u odnosu na Veliki potok, koji je imao značajno više vrijednosti KPKKMnO4 i koncentracije nitrita. Srednji i donji dijelovi toka oba potoka imali su značajno više temperature te koncentracije nitrita i nitrata u odnosu na gornji tok. Nekoliko fizičko-kemijskih parametara (protok, koncentracije nitrita, nitrata i ortofosfata, konduktivitet i KPKKMnO4) pokazali su veliku podudarnost vremenskih trendova između dva potoka, između tri dijela toka i između šest postaja, što je i dokazano relativno visokim koeficijentom (τ > 0.60) koji ukazuje na vremensko podudaranje parametara. To je nadalje ukazalo da se okolišni uvjeti (kakvoća vode) duž naših potoka ujednačeno mijenjaju u prostoru i vremenu. Podaci su također ukazali na značajne promjene mjerenih fizikalno-kemijskih parametara nakon nevremena (razdoblja povišenog protoka vode). Nadalje, korelacijskom analizom je utvrđeno da konduktivitet značajno ovisi o protoku. Rezultati ovog pilot-istraživanja pokazuju da su urbani potoci vrlo dinamični ekosustavi koji pokazuju povećanu osjetljivost na promjene u okolišu, kao što su antropogeni utjecaji i lokalni vremenski uvjeti. Predlažemo da se u okviru ekoloških studija i pri upravljanju okolišem unutar urbanih zona uzme u obzir značajna ekološka varijabilnost urbanih vodotoka.
urban streams, anthropogenic influence, land use, uporaba zemljišta, urban streams ; anthropogenic influence ; land use ; water quality, water quality, kvaliteta vode, antropogeni utjecaj, urbani potoci
urban streams, anthropogenic influence, land use, uporaba zemljišta, urban streams ; anthropogenic influence ; land use ; water quality, water quality, kvaliteta vode, antropogeni utjecaj, urbani potoci
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