Introduction and objectives. Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, which results in a decrease in bone resistance that predisposes to fracture. This pathology causes patients to have a higher risk of vertebral fractures. The objective of the review is to show the association of other factors with vertebral fractures. Material and methods. A bibliographic review was carried out through different biomedical databases. External related articles have also been included and from references in other articles. Inclusion and selection criteria have been applied for the final selection of articles. Results. Bone biomarkers such as bone mineral density and trabecular bone health indexes are affected by pathologies such as osteoporosis and other factors related to diet, with dietary supplements such as lycopene or vitamin D deficiency and calcium. Thus, there is a greater risk of bone reduction with toxic habits such as alcohol and tobacco. Conclusions. Non-pharmacological measures such as prevention of falls and the indication of treatments, especially anti-resorptive drugs for the prevention of vertebral fractures, are a priority. Despite existing treatments, osteoporosis is the main cause of vertebral fracture.