
arXiv: 1509.05363
We show that for any sequence $f: {\bf N} \to \{-1,+1\}$ taking values in $\{-1,+1\}$, the discrepancy $$ \sup_{n,d \in {\bf N}} \left|\sum_{j=1}^n f(jd)\right| $$ of $f$ is infinite. This answers a question of Erdős. In fact the argument also applies to sequences $f$ taking values in the unit sphere of a real or complex Hilbert space. The argument uses three ingredients. The first is a Fourier-analytic reduction, obtained as part of the Polymath5 project on this problem, which reduces the problem to the case when $f$ is replaced by a (stochastic) completely multiplicative function ${\bf g}$. The second is a logarithmically averaged version of the Elliott conjecture, established recently by the author, which effectively reduces to the case when ${\bf g}$ usually pretends to be a modulated Dirichlet character. The final ingredient is (an extension of) a further argument obtained by the Polymath5 project which shows unbounded discrepancy in this case.
29 pages, no figures. Formatted using the Discrete Analysis style file
completely multiplicative functions, Erdős discrepancy problem, Dirichlet characters, Elliott conjecture, Arithmetic functions in probabilistic number theory, Irregularities of distribution, discrepancy, Combinatorics, Number Theory, QA1-939, discrepancy, FOS: Mathematics, Combinatorics (math.CO), Number Theory (math.NT), Mathematics, 11K38
completely multiplicative functions, Erdős discrepancy problem, Dirichlet characters, Elliott conjecture, Arithmetic functions in probabilistic number theory, Irregularities of distribution, discrepancy, Combinatorics, Number Theory, QA1-939, discrepancy, FOS: Mathematics, Combinatorics (math.CO), Number Theory (math.NT), Mathematics, 11K38
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