Listeners' use of contour information as a basis for memory of rhythmic patterns was explored in two experiments. Both studies employed a short-term memory paradigm in which listeners heard a standard rhythm, followed by a comparison rhythm, and judged whether the comparison was the same as the standard. Comparison rhythms included exact repetitions of the standard, same contour rhythms in which the relative interval durations of successive notes (but not the absolute durations of the notes themselves) were the same as the standard, and different contour rhythms in which the relative duration intervals of successive notes differed from the standard. Experiment 1 employed metric rhythms, whereas Experiment 2 employed ametric rhythms. D-prime analyses revealed that, in both experiments, listeners showed better discrimination for different contour rhythms relative to same contour rhythms. Paralleling classic work on melodic contour, these findings indicate that the concept of contour is both relevant to one's characterization of the rhythm of musical patterns and influences short-term memory for such patterns.