The study objective is to define and ground the parameters of pedagogical principles of test control in physical education of students of special medical groups in higher education institutions. Materials and methods. To achieve the objective set, the study used the following methods of theoretical level: analysis and synthesis, conceptualization, systematization, generalization, and theoretical modeling. The object of study is the control process in physical education of students of special medical groups. Results. The study presents the results of scientific inquiry into theoretical regulations — a system of basic and methodical-implementation principles, which, being consistently complied with, ensure an effective and well-targeted functioning of the test control system in physical education of students of special medical groups. Deterministic principles shape a holistic test control process on a scientific and objective basis of effective and well-targeted functioning. As well as principles ensuring the effectiveness of their practical implementation using the methodical techniques mentioned. Conclusions. Qualitative control in physical education as a purposeful, informational and ascertaining, diagnostic and reflexive interaction between the pedagogical process participants ensures the effectiveness of the process. An effective practical implementation of control testing procedures requires the introduction of a qualitatively new set of the most general guidelines, rules, norms regulating this process, in other words, principles.