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Article . 2011
License: CC BY NC ND
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Article . 2011
License: CC BY
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Place du tournesol dans le système de culture.

Authors: Lecomte , Vincent; Nolot, Jean Marie;

Place du tournesol dans le système de culture.

Abstract

La question de la place du tournesol dans le système de culture n'a pas fait l'objet de recherches spécifiques : elle a été traitée comme une synthèse d'informations tirées de divers dispositifs d'enquête et d'expérimentation collectées auprès d'experts de cette culture. Elle est abordée avec deux points de vue successifs : 1) analyse agronomique des exigences et tolérances du tournesol et de l'effetprécédent tournesol ; puis 2) description de la place occupée par le tournesol dans diverses régions françaises et analyse des perspectives qu'il offre dans quelques systèmes innovants. De façon tout à fait consensuelle, il ressort de ce travail que l'intégration du tournesol dans le système de culture présente de nombreux avantages, cette culture étant simple, souple, adaptable à une large gamme de situations pédoclimatiques et de systèmes de culture, appréciée pour son impact environnemental, et laissant le sol dans un état favorable aux cultures suivantes. Le tournesol a cependant deux faiblesses : 1) il n'apparait pas toujours compétitif vis-à-vis des autres cultures, mais le contexte économique actuel lui est un peu plus favorable et laisse envisager un nouvel essor, et 2) l'implantation du tournesol présente des exigences fortes sur lesquelles butent les efforts de réduction du travail du sol et de généralisation de la pratique des cultures intermédiaires pièges à nitrate, mais ces points sont actuellement particulièrement étudiés.

The question of the use of sunflower in cropping systems never received any dedicated research. It has been analysed from a synthesis of the data provided by various designs either farmers interviews or field trials obtained from sunflower experts. In the present paper, it is approached from two points of view: 1) agronomic survey of requirements and tolerance of sunflower and the effect of sunflower as preceding crop; 2) description of the acreage devoted to sunflower in various French regions and analysis of the prospect offered by sunflower in emerging cropping systems. Unanimously, this work showed that introduction of sunflower in cropping systems has several advantages, this crop being simple, flexible and adapted to a wide range of soil and climate conditions and cropping systems, perceived as producing environmental benefits and leaving an improved soil for the following crops. However, sunflower has two weaknesses: 1) it does not always prove to be competitive with other crops, but the present economic context is favorable and a new upraise is possible; 2) the establishment of sunflower has strong requirements which does not make it possible to reduce the soil tillage and the generalized use of catch crops for preventing nitrate leaching. However, research is presently dedicated to these issues.

Keywords

analyse agronomique, expérience de sélection, système de culture;effet précédent;performance agro-environnementale, Système de culture ; Effet précédent ; Performance agro-environnementale, tournesol

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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