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Florida Entomologist
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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Florida Entomologist
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Concentrations of Imidacloprid and Olefin-Imidacloprid Metabolite in the Walnut Husk Maggot (Diptera:Tephritidae)

Authors: Katheryne Nix; Carla Coots; Paris Lambdin; Jerome Grant; David Paulsen; Greg Wiggins; Paul Merten;

Concentrations of Imidacloprid and Olefin-Imidacloprid Metabolite in the Walnut Husk Maggot (Diptera:Tephritidae)

Abstract

Several species of insects diminish the value of black walnut, which is considered a valuable economic and environmental tree species. Because imidacloprid has been used successfully against pests of other host plants, we investigated how it would impact larvae of the walnut husk maggot, Rhagoletis suavis (Loew), on black walnuts. Thus, the objective of this project was to document the concentration levels of imidacloprid and olefin-imidacloprid, an insecticidal metabolite of imidacloprid, within the walnut husk maggot larvae dwelling within the nut husk of fly-infested mature black walnut trees. CoreTect, a pellet formulation of imidacloprid, was applied to the soil surrounding mature black walnut trees in spring of 2011. Concentrations of both imidacloprid and olefin-imidacloprid were assessed in walnut husk maggot tissue using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Both imidacloprid and olefin-imidacloprid were detected in walnut husk maggot larvae from both the lower (11.72 ppb) and upper (9.25 ppb) strata. Olefin-imidacloprid concentrations in larvae were significantly lower in the lower stratum compared with the upper stratum, while the opposite was true when assessing concentration levels of imidacloprid. Olefin-imidacloprid concentrations were significantly lower than imidacloprid concentrations within each stratum. Populations of walnut husk maggot were significantly lower in treated trees compared to control trees indicating that imidacloprid, applied as a soil pellet, reduced populations of the walnut husk maggot. Varias especies de insectos disminuyen el valor del nogal negro, que se considera una especie de arbol economicamente y ambientalmente valioso. Debido que imidacloprid ha sido utilizado con exito contra las plagas de otras plantas hospederas, investigamos como impactaria larvas de la mosca de la cascara del nogal, Rhagoletis suavis (Loew), en el nogal negro. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este proyecto fue documentar el nivel de concentracion de imidacloprid y olefina-imidacloprid, un metabolito de insecticida imidacloprid, dentro las larvas de la mosca de la cascara del nogal viviendo dentro de la cascara de nueces de arboles maduros de nogal negro infestados con moscas. CoreTect, una formulacion de pellets (bolitas) de imidacloprid, se aplico a la tierra alrededor de arboles maduros de nogal negro en la primavera del 2011. Se evaluo la concentracion de ambos imidacloprid y imidacloprid-olefina en el tejido de las larvas de la mosca de la cascara del nogal, usando una cromatografia liquida junta con una espectrometria de masas en tandem (LC/MS). Tanto imidacloprid y imidacloprid-olefina se detecto en las larvas de la mosca de la cascara del nogal tanto en el estrato inferior (11.72 ppb) y superior (9.25 ppb). La concentracion de imidacloprid-olefina en larvas fue significativamente menor en el estrato inferior en comparacion con el estrato superior, mientras que lo contrario fue cierto en la evaluacion de los niveles de concentracion de imidacloprid. La concentracion de imidacloprid-olefina fue significativamente menor que la concentracion de imidacloprid dentro de cada estrato. La poblacion de la mosca de la cascara del nogal fue significativamente menor en los arboles tratados en comparacion con los arboles de control que indica que el imidacloprid, aplicado como una bolita de suelo, reduce las poblaciones de la mosca de la cascara del nogal. View this article in BioOne

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
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