
doi: 10.1653/024.097.0256
The objective of this study was to determine the spatial patterns and associations of the South American fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann); Diptera: Tephritidae) and its parasitoids in organic orchards of common guava and pineapple guava. The field study was conducted from Feb to Mar 2010 in 2 organically-managed orchards, one of common guava (Psidium guajava L.) (Myrtaceae) and the other of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] (Myrtaceae), in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil. Fruits were sampled from all trees at 2 sampling occasions, spaced 15 days apart, just before fruits were in the final maturation period. On each tree, 10 fruits were randomly collected from the entire canopy and held in the laboratory until the flies had pupated. Heterogeneity of insect count data was analyzed by fitting theoretical distributions to the data and calculating dispersion indices. The spatial arrangement was evaluated with SADIE. Local spatial associations were measured using a SADIE association index (Ita). In a common guava orchard the emerged individuals were A. fraterculus, and its parasitoid, Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) (Par) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with a parasitism rate of 8.3%. The same 2 species occurred in a pineapple guava orchard, where the parasitism rate was 25.5%. The variances of the data for both the A. fraterculus and D. areolatus were greater than the corresponding means for most cases, hence the significance of both the dispersion index (I) and the values of k of the negative binomial suggested an aggregated distribution pattern. On the other hand, the clustering indices (vi and vj) and Ita, suggested a random spatial pattern of A. fraterculus and the parasitoid for most situations (orchards and sampling times). Spatial association indices revealed significant associations for 5 of the 12 pair-wise comparisons, 3 in the common guava orchard and 2 in the pineapple guava orchard. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar os padroes espaciais e associacoes das moscas-das frutas e seus parasitoides em pomares de goiaba comum e goiaba-serrana. O estudo foi realizado entre fevereiro e marco de 2010, em um pomar de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) (Myrtaceae) e outro de goiaba-serrana [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] (Myrtaceae), no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram amostradas todas as arvores em duas ocasioes de amostragem, espacadas em torno de 15 dias, no periodo final de maturacao. Em cada arvore, dez frutos foram coletados aleatoriamente da copa e mantidos em laboratorio ate a formacao dos puparios das moscas. A heterogeneidade dos dados de contagem de insetos foi ajustada as distribuicoes teoricas e indices de dispersao. O arranjo espacial foi avaliado com SADIE. A associacao espacial foi medida utilizando um indice de associacao SADIE (Ita). No pomar de goiabas as moscas emergidas foram da especie Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) (SAFF) e os parasitoides, Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) (Par) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) com uma taxa de parasitismo de 8,3%. Em goiaba-serrana, ocorreram as mesmas especies com uma taxa de parasitismo de 25,5%. A variância dos dados, para tando a mosca-das-frutas SAFF e D. areolatus foi mais elevada do que a media para a maioria dos casos, apontada pelo indice de dispersao (I) e os valores de k da binomial negativa, sugerindo um padrao agregado de distribuicao. Por outro lado, os indices de agrupamento (vi e vj) e Ita sugeriram um padrao espacial aleatorio da mosca-das-frutas (SAFF) e do parasitoide (Par) para a maioria das situacoes (pomar e epoca de amostragem). Os indices de associacao espacial revelaram associacoes significativas em cinco das doze comparacoes de pares, sendo tres no pomar de goiaba e dois no pomar de goiaba-serrana. View this article in BioOne
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