Abstract Three new species of the xyleborine ambrosia beetle genus Xylosandrus Reitter are described from Queensland, Australia: X. monteithi, X. queenslandi, X. woodi. Xylosandrus discolor (Blandford) is recorded for the first time from Australia. The following new combinations are given: Cnestus pseudosolidus (Schedl), Cnestus solidus (Eichhoff). These 2 species, originally described in Xyleborus, were included in Xylosandrus by Wood and Bright (1992) and are here transferred to Cnestus. A key to the six Xylosandrus species known to occur in Australia, and two that are likely to be imported, is provided. Notes are given on the distribution, host trees and economic importance of the Australian species.