AbstractThe species Acerentulus rapoportiCondé, 1963 is redescribed, transferred to genus AndinentulusTuxen, 1984, and synonymized with Andinentulus ebbeiTuxen, 1984 on the basis of type series. Andinentulus rapoporti (Condé, 1963) comb. nov. is characterized by very long and sword-shaped foretarsal sensillum a' sensillum b that is half the length of sensillum c, presence of additional seta d6 on the head, absence of seta P1a on abdominal tergites I–VI, and short oblong accessory setae on tergites I–VI. The differences between the genus Andinentulus and morphologically similar genera, which have three setae on the abdominal legs, are discussed. A key to South and Central American Acerentomidae species and their distribution in America is provided. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequence (barcode) is provided for several specimens of the species and compared with other proturan barcodes with a phylogenetic analysis.