In this paper, on the basis of data from the state forest pathological monitoring of forests of the Baikal natural territory (the territory of the Irkutsk region), forest pathological factors that cause the drying out and loss of forests are analyzed. It also provides an analysis of the regulatory framework for the protection and protection of natural ecosystems of the Baikal natural territory, analyzes its effectiveness in carrying out forest protection measures. According to the data of the state forest pathological monitoring, the area of damaged and dead plantations is more than 258 thousand hectares. The main reasons for the unsatisfactory sanitary and forest pathological condition of forests are forest fires of different years ago, the development of foci of dendrophagic insects and forest diseases. The most dangerous for the forest plantations of the Baikal natural territory are the foci of needle-leaf-eating pests, primarily the Siberian silkworm and the unpaired silkworm: the Kachug forestry is a hotbed of the Siberian silkworm with an area of 23.6 thousand hectares; The Olkhonskoye forestry is a hotbed of the unpaired silkworm, with an area of more than 2.5 thousand hectares. In addition, of particular concern is the formation of a focus of a dangerous invasive pest of the polygraph Belopikhtov (Ussuriysk) in the Slyudyansky forestry, the area of the focus of which increased by 11 % in 2022. In the Slyudyansky forestry, the drying of cedar stands continues as a result of their defeat by bacteriosis. The dynamics of the areas of foci of pests and diseases shows a negative trend, however, the organization and conduct of sanitary, recreational, forest protection measures is very difficult, since the damaged areas are located in the ecological zones of the Baikal natural territory. According to forest pathologists, in order to resolve the current situation, it is necessary to amend the regulatory framework governing the environmental management regime in this area.