The topic of the well-being of human and society has always interested the great thinkers of the humankind. However, conceptually, as a problem of the state and public, this topic fully emerged only in the aftermath of the Second World War in the past century, and it became especially topical in the mid-60s, when a special organization was founded on the basis of the United Nations Organization, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 1965). Well-being became a popular topic for various sociopolitical, socio-economic, cultural, and historical theoretical research and applied programmes. However, there is no unanimously agreed definition of this category or an unanimously agreed approach to its research and evaluation of its value and importance to the human and the society. The present article continues a cycle of the author’s articles devoted to the research of human well-being in nowadays conditions. It looks into the basic concepts, conceptual grounds, and contradictions shaping the key aspects of this broad topic, as well as the fundamental causes and possible methodological misconceptions influencing both their development and the attitude to them of a human, society, state. The article provides extensive statistical data which illustrate the enormous, egregious ill-being of a large part of human society in the modern world. Also, in the article we have undertaken an attempt to define well-being as a multiple-aspect concept and to present a detailed analysis of fundamental causes of the modern ill-being on a massive scale.