
doi: 10.1522/030431003
There is a general agreement that in service conditions the quality of mineral insulating oils gradually deteriorates under the impact of electrical, thermal and environmental stresses. It is also widely accepted that only the incipient electrical failures such as hot spots and partial discharges are responsible for the gassing of oil. Knowing that the resulting fault gases dissolve in the oil, the technique of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) was developed to detect incipient failures in the transformer. DGA has now become a standard in the utility industry throughout the world and is considered to be the most important oil test for insulating liquids in electrical apparatus. More importantly, an oil sample can be taken at anytime from most equipment without having to take it out of service, allowing a "window" inside the electrical apparatus that helps with diagnosing and trouble-shooting potential problems. This thesis intends to show that the gassing of oil is a more complex phenomenon. In order to emphasize the role played by contaminants in the gassing of oil, fundamental investigations were undertaken. The amount of gases evolved under the impact of electrical stress (ASTM D6180) by a sample of new and aged oil with/without paper was accurately measured along with some physicochemical properties, to assess the relationship between the cause and the symptoms of oil or oil-paper insulation deterioration. The outcome of these investigations provided experimental evidence that the chemical composition of hydrocarbon blend, the oil born decay products and the solid insulation are also contributing factors to oil gassing. Since this finding may affect the diagnostics predicted by some DGA techniques, some thorough investigations were performed. New, aged oil and reclaimed aged oil samples were submitted to thermal and electrical stresses (considering various scenarios) and the dissolved gases analyzed by chromatography. Three of the most used DGA techniques, namely the Duval's Triangle Roger's and Domenburg's ratios were implemented in Labview based software to predict the diagnostic. The obtained results provide experimental evidence that oil born decay products may affect the diagnostics predicted by some DGA techniques. Although such a research is still in a preliminary stage, some very stimulating results have been obtained. - II est generalement admis, qu'en conditions de service, la qualite des huiles minerales isolantes se deteriore progressivement sous l'effet des contraintes electriques, thermiques et environnementales. Il est egalement largement admis que seules les defaillances electriques naissantes telles que les points chauds et les decharges partielles sont responsables du degazage de l'huile. Sachant que les gaz ainsi produits par les defauts se dissolvent dans l'huile, la technique d'analyse de gaz dissous (AGD) a ete mise au point pour detecter les defaillances dans le transformateur. L'AGD est maintenant devenu un standard dans l'industrie a travers le monde et elle est consideree comme le test le plus important dans les appareillages electriques isoles a l'huile. Plus important encore, un echantillon d'huile peut etre pris a tout moment, de la plupart des equipements, sans avoir a le mettre hors service, pour le diagnostic et le depannage d'eventuels problemes. Ce memoire se propose de montrer que le gazage dans l'huile est un phenomene complexe. Afin de souligner le role joue par les contaminants dans le degazage de l'huile, des investigations fondamentales ont ete entreprises. La quantite de gaz qui se degage sous l'effet de la contrainte electrique (ASTM D6180) d'un echantillon d'huile neuf ou vieilli avec/sans papier a ete mesuree avec precision ainsi que certaines proprietes physico-chimiques, afin d'evaluer la relation entre la cause et les effets de la deterioration de l'isolation de l'huile ou de l'huile-papier. Le resultat de ces investigations a fourni des preuves experimentales que la composition chimique d'un melange d'hydrocarbures, les produits issus de la decomposition de l'huile et de l'isolation solide sont egalement des facteurs qui contribuent a la generation de gaz dans l'huile. Etant donne que cette decouverte pourrait affecter les diagnostics predits par certaines techniques de l'ADG, certaines investigations approfondies ont ete realisees. Des echantillons d'huile neuve, âgee et regeneree ont ete soumis a des contraintes thermiques et electriques (en considerant differents scenarios) et les gaz dissous analyses par chromatographie. Trois des techniques de l'ADG les plus utilisees a savoir le Triangle de Duval, Roger et le Ratio de Dornenburg ont ete implementees dans le logiciel Labview pour predire le diagnostic. Les resultats obtenus fournissent la preuve experimentale que les produits de la decomposition de l'huile peuvent affecter les resultats de diagnostic predis par certaines techniques de l'ADG. Bien qu'une telle recherche soit encore a un stade preliminaire, certains resultats encourageants ont ete obtenus.
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