This research focused on exploring the experiences of expert and novice improvisers engaging in free vocal improvisation. To address this, primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with four highly accomplished improvisation experts. Subsequently, twelve novice improvisers participated in seven weekly workshop sessions, exploring their voice using vocal improvisation techniques commonly employed by experts and practitioners in the field. The data collected included transcriptions of interviews, handwritten workbook entries and audio-visual recordings of the workshops. This data formed the basis of the inductive approach to thematic analysis and the development of three main themes: 1. Journey of Self-Expression; 2. Facets of Improvisation; and 3. Free Voice.

Free vocal improvisation is frequently utilised by music practitioners and educators as an accessible, immediate and creative way for people to experience their voice and music-making. Yet, there is a lack of research into the process and outcomes of this practice. Although singing, more generally, has been widely researched, with much focus on its benefits, there is a need for a more nuanced account of participants’ experiences. Approaches to free vocal improvisation have been under-represented; understanding the application and effects of the improvisation techniques used is needed to inform the work of current and future practitioners.

Research aims were achieved, thereby bringing a richer understanding of the experiences of engaging in free vocal improvisation, the techniques employed and the lineage of the style. Key insights include the potential of self-expression, the vulnerabilities of singing and improvising, the influence of different physical and perceptual environments, and the components in play that bring benefits and challenges. The conclusions led to the development of the Journey of Free Vocal Improvisation Model. This original study has contributed to knowledge by exploring and highlighting the multi-dimensional aspects of free vocal improvisation.