Approximately 17% of US youth aged 2-19 years are obese, a state defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile on the BMI-for-age growth charts.1 Obese children are at increased risk for chronic physical, social, and psychological health problems,2-4 and are more likely to become obese adults.3 In addition to health consequences, childhood obesity has been associated with school performance.5 Although the causal path remains unclear, several studies provide support for an inverse relationship between overweight status and academic achievement.6-8 Other studies indicate that weight-related health behaviors, including physical activity and healthy eating habits, are positively associated with learning.9-17 Together, these findings suggest that the establishment of healthy eating and activity practices at a young age may enhance child development related to both health and education. According to one published review,18 the interrelationships among health behaviors, including nutrition and physical activity, and academic achievement may have longterm implications for youth, adults, and society. An ecological perspective of human development considers the reciprocal determinants of human behavior.19 Examination of the relationships among personal, organizational, and environmental levels is consistent with multiple theories of health behavior and learning.20-22 For example, school and home environments are considered key behavioral settings that influence risk for childhood obesity.23,24 Whereas emphasis has been placed on creating school environments that support student health and learning,25,26 our review of the literature found no previous studies that have examined the relationship between the home nutrition and physical activity environment and school performance. Multiple studies27-33 suggest that home contextual