The present work focuses on the contemporary diffusion and development of Sufism in Italy, since the beginning of the xxth century. The attraction of Islam and of its spirituality, as well as the ideological opposition to the Western culture, are among the main reasons behind the individual choice of changing their own religious faith. So today, Italian converts are the more and more numerous, and protagonists, of many Sufi brotherhoods transplanted in the country, like the Halvetiyya-Jerrahiyya or the Ahmadiyya-Idrisiyya. Some trends of development are analyzed, like the apparent division between the «ethnic» or «immigrated» Sufi groups (like the Senegalese Muridiyya or the Moroccan Butchichiyya) and the «Italian» ones. The becoming of Sufism is particularly concerned by the new local membership as well as by the changing modern religiosity