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Global dissemination of a single mutation conferring white pericarp in rice

الانتشار العالمي لطفرة واحدة تمنح بيريكارب الأبيض في الأرز
Authors: Megan Sweeney; Michael J. Thomson; Yong‐Gu Cho; Yong‐Jin Park; Scott Williamson; Carlos D. Bustamante; Susan R. McCouch;

Global dissemination of a single mutation conferring white pericarp in rice

Abstract

Aquí informamos que el cambio de las semillas rojas de arroz silvestre a las semillas blancas de arroz cultivado (Oryza sativa) fue el resultado del fuerte barrido selectivo de una sola mutación, una deleción de cambio de marco dentro del gen Rc que se encuentra en el 97,9% de las variedades de arroz blanco en la actualidad. Una segunda mutación, también dentro de Rc, está presente en menos del 3% de las accesiones blancas encuestadas. El análisis de haplotipos reveló que la mutación predominante se originó en la subespecie japonica y cruzó las barreras geográficas y de esterilidad para pasar a la subespecie indica. Un poco menos de un Mb de ADN de japónica hizo autostop con el alelo rc en la mayoría de las variedades indica, lo que sugiere que otros alelos de domesticación vinculados pueden haber sido transferidos de japónica a indica junto con el color blanco del pericarpio. Nuestro hallazgo proporciona evidencia de un intercambio cultural activo entre los antiguos agricultores a lo largo de la domesticación del arroz, junto con una selección muy fuerte y positiva para un solo alelo blanco en ambas subespecies de O. sativa.

Ici, nous rapportons que le passage des graines rouges du riz sauvage aux graines blanches du riz cultivé (Oryza sativa) résulte du fort balayage sélectif d'une seule mutation, une délétion de décalage de cadre dans le gène Rc que l'on trouve dans 97,9% des variétés de riz blanc aujourd'hui. Une deuxième mutation, également au sein de Rc, est présente dans moins de 3% des accessions blanches étudiées. L'analyse de l'haplotype a révélé que la mutation prédominante provenait de la sous-espèce japonica et traversait les barrières géographiques et de stérilité pour se déplacer dans la sous-espèce indica. Un peu moins d'un Mb d'ADN de japonica a fait de l'auto-stop avec l'allèle rc dans la plupart des variétés d'indica, ce qui suggère que d'autres allèles de domestication liés ont peut-être été transférés de japonica à indica avec la couleur blanche du péricarpe. Notre découverte fournit la preuve d'un échange culturel actif entre les anciens agriculteurs au cours de la domestication du riz, associé à une sélection très forte et positive d'un seul allèle blanc chez les deux sous-espèces d'O. sativa.

Here we report that the change from the red seeds of wild rice to the white seeds of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) resulted from the strong selective sweep of a single mutation, a frame-shift deletion within the Rc gene that is found in 97.9% of white rice varieties today. A second mutation, also within Rc, is present in less than 3% of white accessions surveyed. Haplotype analysis revealed that the predominant mutation originated in the japonica subspecies and crossed both geographic and sterility barriers to move into the indica subspecies. A little less than one Mb of japonica DNA hitchhiked with the rc allele into most indica varieties, suggesting that other linked domestication alleles may have been transferred from japonica to indica along with white pericarp color. Our finding provides evidence of active cultural exchange among ancient farmers over the course of rice domestication coupled with very strong, positive selection for a single white allele in both subspecies of O. sativa.

هنا نذكر أن التغيير من البذور الحمراء للأرز البري إلى البذور البيضاء للأرز المزروع (Oryza sativa) نتج عن الاجتياح الانتقائي القوي لطفرة واحدة، وهو حذف إزاحة الإطار داخل جين Rc الموجود في 97.9 ٪ من أصناف الأرز الأبيض اليوم. توجد طفرة ثانية، أيضًا داخل Rc، في أقل من 3 ٪ من المشاركات البيضاء التي تم مسحها. كشف تحليل النمط الفرداني أن الطفرة السائدة نشأت في السلالة الفرعية اليابانية وعبرت الحواجز الجغرافية وحواجز العقم للانتقال إلى السلالة الفرعية إنديكا. تم نقل أقل من واحد ميغابايت من الحمض النووي الياباني مع أليل RC إلى معظم أصناف إنديكا، مما يشير إلى أن أليلات التدجين الأخرى المرتبطة قد تم نقلها من جابونيكا إلى إنديكا جنبًا إلى جنب مع لون pericarp الأبيض. يقدم اكتشافنا دليلاً على التبادل الثقافي النشط بين المزارعين القدامى على مدار تدجين الأرز إلى جانب اختيار قوي وإيجابي للغاية لأليل أبيض واحد في كلا السلالة الفرعية من O. sativa.

Keywords

Crops, Agricultural, Gene Flow, Asia, Microbial Pigments and Their Applications, Molecular Sequence Data, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Metabolism in Plants, Oryza sativa, Plant Science, QH426-470, Japonica, Genes, Plant, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gene, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Domestication, Gene Frequency, Japan, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics, Sterility, Haplotype, Molecular Biology, Biology, Phylogeny, Japonica rice, Allele, Molecular Mechanisms of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Plants, Pigmentation, Botany, Genetic Variation, Life Sciences, Oryza, Subspecies, Rice Genomics, Maize Domestication, Haplotypes, Genetic Architecture of Quantitative Traits, FOS: Biological sciences, Mutation, White (mutation), Zoology, Research Article, Biotechnology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
238
Top 1%
Top 1%
Top 10%
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