
I discuss how the chorographic view of landscape in Spanish cartography was at variance with the perspective of terrain represented in Andean mapping media when both traditions converged upon the implementation of the Crown-mandated surveys known as the "Relaciones Geograficas del Peru" (1577–1586). These surveys were collected and transcribed by modern editors for publication. The sole map included in the Relaciones may have been due to the self-interest of the Spanish author. The continued use of Andean media and the art of "memory mapping," both of precontact origin, may explain why indigenous mappings did not enter the Relaciones record. This memory activity was, and is still, manifested during the ritualized traversing of community-held land boundaries. Therefore, the few extant paper-like mappings had been appended to land-litigation documents. I examine how the visualized route and the naming of topographical features underlie three sixteenth-century mappings and their accompanying judicial accounts (relaciones). These mappings and accounts display the native Andeans' adaptation of precontact place identification practices to Spanish boundary-marking methods. The mappings demonstrate a hybrid cartographic art, which combines manuscript and block print within the pictorial format. In one of the maps the artist-scribes include a relacion in Quechua (and its Spanish version), a rare example of this genre in Andean letters. Indigenous cabildo authorities, exemplified by Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, adopted writing practices by recording place names. This activity led to a pan-Andean lexicon of toponymns for judicial purposes. Contemporary ethnographic research on current walkabout customs could further elucidate the genesis of these Colonial Andean mappings and lead to the recovery of other specimens. RESUMEN: Discuto como la vista corografica de los paisajes en la cartografia hispanica era distinta de la vision del terreno representada en los mapas andinos cuando ambas tradiciones convergieron en la implementacion de las encuestas mandadas por la Corona, conocidas como Relaciones Geograficas del Peru (1577–1586). El unico mapa incluido en las Relaciones puede haber sido por interes propio del autor espanol. El continuo uso de los medios andinos y del arte de "trazar la memoria," ambos de origen pre-colonial, puede explicar por que los mapas indigenas no fueron registrados en Relaciones. Esta actividad de memorizacion era, y aun es, manifestada durante el atravesamiento ritual de las fronteras terrestres comunales. Consecuentemente, los pocos mapas en papel existentes fueron incluidos como apendices en documentos de litigacion de tierras. Examino como la ruta visualizada y el nombramiento de caracteristicas topograficas se encuentran bajo tres mapas y sus respectivas notas juridicas (relacion) del siglo dieciseis. Estos mapas y notas muestran la adaptacion nativa andina de sus metodos de reconocimiento territoriales a los metodos hispanos. Estos mapas demuestran un arte cartografico hibrido que combina manuscritos e imprenta de bloque dentro del formato pictorico. En uno de los mapas, el artista incluye una relacion en quechua (y su version en espanol), un raro ejemplo de este genero en cartas andinas. Autoridades de cabildo indigenas, ejemplificada por Felipe Ouaman Poma, adoptaron las practicas de escritura registrando nombres de lugares. Esta actividad derivo en un lexico pan-andino de toponimos para fines juridicos. Investigaciones etnograficas contemporaneas de tradiciones actuales de recorridos podrian elucidar aun mas el origen de estos mapas coloniales andinos y contribuir a la recuperacion de otros especimenes.
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