pre-1939: powiat warszawski, województwo warszawskie, Republic of Poland; 1939–1945: Kreis Warschau-Land, Distrikt Warschau, Generalgouvernement; post-1998: Ursus, Warsaw, województwo mazowieckie, Republic of Poland Ursus is a district of Warsaw located on the left bank of the Vistula River, approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) from the center of the city. Prior to and during World War II, what is now the district of Ursus consisted of three villages, including Szamoty, where the Państwowe Zakłady Inżynierii Ursus (PZInż) factory was located. A number of transit camps for the civilian population of Warsaw were established in what is now the Ursus district at the beginning of October 1944, following the collapse of the Warsaw Uprising and the subsequent surrender of its population on October 3, 1944. The main rationale for their creation was that the largest transit camp already operating—Dulag 121 in Pruszkow (established on August 6, 1944), just outside of Warsaw—was too crowded...