Thebes (Thēva) is located 68 kilometers (42 miles) northwest of Athens. After the roundups of Greek civilians during counterinsurgency operations in the Roumeli region, the Italian authorities established a provisional concentration camp (Campo di concentramento provisorio) just to the east of the city of Thebes.1 Most of the detainees were civilians suspected of aiding the resistance or supporting the underground nationalist organizations (e.g., the Greek National Liberation Front, Ethnikó Apeleytherotikó Métopo, EAM; Greek Communist Party, Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas, KKE; and the Greek People’s Liberation Army, Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós, ELAS). An entry in the Italian Army’s war diary of September 29, 1942, concerning counterinsurgency operations in the area announced that the provisional camp was “to be set up in the area of Levadeia.”2 An entry from October 6, 1942, noted that there was a demand for the “urgent delivery of barbed wire.”3 The camp was finally ope...