The medieval northern world consisted of a vast and culturally diverse region both geographically, from roughly Greenland to Novgorod, and culturally, as one of the last areas of Europe to be converted to Christianity. This book explores the complexities of this fascinating world in case studies and theoretical essays that connect orality and performance theory to memory studies, and myths relating to pre-Christian Nordic religion to innovations within late medieval pilgrimage song culture. The book provides critical new perspectives on the Old Norse world, some of which appear in this volume for the first time in English. It presents emerging methodologies by analyzing Old Norse materials to offer a better understandings of understanding of Old Norse materials. The book examines, interprets, and re-interprets the medieval data bequeathed to us by posterity—myths, legends, riddles, charms, court culture, conversion narratives, landscapes, and mindscapes—targeting largely overlooked, yet important sources of cultural insights.