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Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic
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Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic
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The predicate modal logic of provability.

The predicate modal logic of provability
Authors: Montagna, Franco;

The predicate modal logic of provability.

Abstract

QGL is the obvious predicate extension of the propositional modal logic GL which is PA-complete, that is complete for the interpretation of necessity as provability in the first order arithmetic PA. It is proved that several good properties of GL do not extend to QGL. It is not PA-complete, the counterexample being of the form \(\diamond\underline T\to\diamond \diamond t,\) where \(t\) is the constant truth, and \(\bar{T}\) is the only axiom of a consistent theory \(T\) such that PA proves \(Con(T)\to Con(PA+Con(PA)).\) To demonstrate the unprovability of the above formula in QGL, a Kripke countermodel is constructed and the completeness of QGL with respect to a suitable class of Kripke models (with transitive and reversely well-founded accessibility relation) is used. On the other hand, the formula \(\neg (\exists u\diamond P(u)\wedge\forall v\exists w\square (P(v)\to\square P(w)))\) is valid in all transitive and reversely well-founded frames, but unprovable in QGL, so QGL is not complete with respect to any class of frames. Propositional provability logics of all \(\Sigma_ 1\) sound r.e. extensions of PA coincide with GL. The formula \(\diamond\underline T\to\diamond \diamond t,\) where \(T\) is a finitely axiomatizable subtheory of ZF strong enough to construct the model of PA (so that PA proves \(Con(T)\to Con(PA+Con(PA))),\) is PA-valid but not ZF-valid. The fixed point theorem fails for QGL: there is no sentence \(B\) such that \(B\leftrightarrow\forall u\exists v\square (B\to P(u,v))\). Familiar proof for GL cannot be extended, since the substitution rule \(D\to (B\leftrightarrow C)/\square D\to (A(B)\leftrightarrow A(C)),\) when substituted occurrences are modalized, fails if some free variables of \(D\) are bound in \(A\). If the latter obstacle is removed, the proof goes through, which proves the uniqueness of fixed points in QGL and in PA. Several problems are formulated.

Keywords

First-order arithmetic and fragments, fixed points, PA-completeness, Kripke models, predicate modal logic of provability, 03B45, Modal logic (including the logic of norms), unprovability

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
41
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
Green
hybrid