
doi: 10.13031/2013.23152
An understanding of water and solute flow patterns in a landscape is necessary to describe water and nutrient use by crops, as well as potential nutrient contamination of groundwater, tile water, and streams. Subsurface water and solute movement in a landscape can occur laterally as well as vertically in the soil, especially in gently rolling landscapes with shallow water tables. The objective of this study was to identify contributing factors for solute transport in corn (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) fields on a Clarion soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludoll) with a 5% slope. Bromide, as a tracer, was applied in a trench 0.18 m deep on 20 May 1993, and to a second site 5 May 1996 in a V-shaped transect. Following 959 mm of precipitation (79% above average for the first site), Br- was transported laterally in the subsurface to 6 m downslope between application and the last sampling date of 27 October 1993. Small amounts were detected near the surface even at 15 m downslope. Over 50% moved vertically beneath the applied transect but only to 0.9 m depth. Most of the laterally transported Br- ended up in the unsaturated zone. For the second site, the bromide only moved 3 m downslope because rainfall was more normal (13% above average) and more Br- was located near the surface. Results from this study on glacial till soils indicate that mobile solutes would be expected to move laterally beyond the application zone.
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