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Rocznik Lituanistyczny
Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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War and Piety in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Late Middle Ages

Karas ir dievobaimingumo išraiškos Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje vėlyvesniais viduramžiais
Authors: Rowell, Stephen Christopher;

War and Piety in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Late Middle Ages

Abstract

As the prophet of the Gentiles, Job states, the life of Man upon earth is a warfare. During the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries war against the Tatars and later the Turks and increasingly the Muscovites impinged considerably on the Catholic and Orthodox populations of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. War and its consequences made their mark on devotions (to St George, St Casimir, the Ten Thousand Military Martyrs) and church and chantry building; pilgrimage contributions were sidelined for rebuilding churches as well as castles destroyed by the Tatars. The spoils of war were displayed publicly in Vilnius (Wilno) cathedral and thanksgiving for victory and intercession for the fallen took physical form in the building of churches by both Catholic and Orthodox leaders. Personal and patriotic memory of the dead was visualised publicly in religious buildings. Growing traditions of organising public processions around the city of Vilnius placed the Kletsk (Klecko) memorial church of St George clearly on the annual calendar. In the documentary record war was both a literary topos and a harsh everyday reality. Jak glosi prorok Hiob: „Bojowanie jest zywot czlowieczy na ziemi”. W XV i XVI w. walki z Tatarami, a poźniej Turkami i coraz cześciej Moskwą znacznie utrudnialy zycie katolickich i prawoslawnych spoleczności Wielkiego Ksiestwa Litewskiego. Wojna i jej skutki wywieraly wplyw na kult świetych (Jerzego, Kazimierza, Dziesieciu Tysiecy Rycerzy Meczennikow) i budownictwo kościelne; datki pielgrzymie byly przeznaczane na odbudowe zarowno kościolow, jak i zamkow zniszczonych przez Tatarow. Łupy wojenne wystawiane byly na widok publiczny w katedrze wilenskiej, a dziekczynienie za zwyciestwa i modly za poleglych wyrazaly sie w fundowaniu kościolow przez przywodcow tak katolickich, jak i prawoslawnych. Osobiste i patriotyczne formy upamietnienia zmarlych znajdowaly materialny wyraz w obrebie budowli kościelnych. Umacniająca sie tradycja organizowania procesji wokol miasta Wilna i uroczystości w kościele św. Jerzego (pomniku zwyciestwa bitwy pod Kleckiem) zajely stale miejsce w roku liturgicznym. W źrodlach wojna ukazuje sie nam jako literacki topos , a takze jako codzienny znoj. Karas ir dievobaimingumo israiskos Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikstystėje vėlyvesniais viduramžiais Santrauka XV–XVI a. sandūroje padaugėjus totorių, turkų bei maskolių užpuolimų pries Lietuvos didžiosios kunigaikstystės teritoriją, pastarosios katalikų ir staciatikių bendruomenės susidūrė tiesiogiai su karo smurtu. Karas turėjo nemažų pasekmių ir tuomet jau gyvybingam vietiniam religiniam gyvenimui. Padidėjo pagarba karingiems sventiesiems Jurgui, Kazimierui, sventiesiems 10 000 karių-kankinių; vyko bažnycių bei altorių steigimas; maldininkų aukos Bažnyciai perleidžiamos totorių isniokotų sventyklų ir pilių remontui. Vilniaus katedroje viesai kabo užkariautų priesų vėliavos, o padėkos Dievui už pergale, maldos už žuvusiųjų isganymą akivaizdžiai įsikūnijo bažnycių, vienuolijų, cerkvių statybose. Vilniaus mieste įsitvirtinus tradicijai vesti viesas procesijas tarp dvasinių įstaigų; Klecko mūsio paminklas, sv. Jurgio bažnycia įsisaknijo miestiecių istorinėje atmintyje.

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Keywords

Ukraina (Ukraine), 13 amžius - 1569. Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė. LDK, Lietuva (Lithuania), Baltarusija (Belarus), Lenkija (Poland), Viduramžiai / Middle ages, Rusija (Russia)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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