In the manual the theory and methodology of regional economy are stated, the conceptual framework is opened it, foreign experience is lit. The regional system of national economy of Russia from positions of investment processes, the markets, competitiveness, demography, finance, environmental management, state regulation, economic security is considered. It is prepared according to the Federal state educational standard of the higher education in the Economy direction (a bachelor degree, the Finance and Credit profile). It is intended for students of economic higher education institutions and faculties, it can be recommended to employees of regional services of state bodies.