The monograph is devoted to the philosophical problems of upbringing and education. The solution to the problems of the systemic crisis in the field of education and upbringing lies in changing the type of thinking of a modern teacher. The author highlights such sections as ontology and anthropology of education. The models of hermeneutics, phenomenology, existentialism, pragmatism and postmodernism education are studied in detail. An approach corresponding to the post-nonclassical type of rationality is proposed. An attempt is being made to overcome mechanistic, biologizing and sociologizing extremes in understanding the nature of education. The philosophy of education, according to the author, is a meta-theoretical concept that can become the basis for a systematic study of education and modernization of pedagogy, a source of pedagogical creativity. It can be useful to anyone who deals with the problems of methodology of humanitarian knowledge and problems of creativity in the field of pedagogy. It may be of interest to philosophers, anthropologists, psychologists, educators, historians of Russian philosophy.