The training manual contains theoretical material on taxation of commercial enterprises and individuals. Reveals basic concepts of taxation, presents a detailed classification of taxes and levies in the Russian Federation, considers the history of formation and modern condition of the Russian tax system. The manual reflects the current regulatory framework under Russian tax legislation. Methodical apparatus of the textbook contains questions, tasks and cases that contribute to the consolidation of the material, focuses on the practical application of the knowledge. For students studying in the areas of "Economics", "Management", "commodity science", "Economics and management of the national economy".