The book is a historical and cultural study of the problems associated with understanding the iconic nature and functioning of the traditional female costume of Mordva. Attempts to create a holistic picture of the use of folk costumes in the Mordovian social and family customs and rituals. Particular emphasis is placed on its ethno-social functions. The reader has the opportunity to learn about new archival material, and field observations made by the author during expeditions in various regions of Mordovians. Fills some gaps in knowledge on issues of material and spiritual culture of the Mordovian people, presenting factual material for subsequent research in the field of ethnic mentality. Intended for historians, culturologists, art historians, researchers, teachers, postgraduates and students.