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Efecto del cambio climático en cultivos herbáceos de secano

Authors: Carlos Lacasta; Marta María Moreno; C. Moreno; Ramón Meco;

Efecto del cambio climático en cultivos herbáceos de secano

Abstract

espanolLos cultivos herbaceos en ambientes mediterraneos de secano se enfrentan a un gran desafio por la per-vivencia ante el cambio climatico. La intensificacion de los deficits hidricos y los eventos mas frecuen-tes de alta temperatura durante finales de la primavera (abril-junio), coincidiendo con la etapa de lle-nado del grano de muchas especies, producen perdidas medias continuas de rendimiento. En la FincaExperimental La Higueruela (Toledo, Espana) ubicada en un entorno agricola mediterraneo tipico delsecano espanol, se analiza como diferentes variables meteorologicas estan afectando a los cultivos decereal, garbanzo, girasol y veza en manejos convencional y ecologico. Para ello se han utilizado dos ex-perimentos de larga duracion (27 anos), uno con manejo convencional y otro con ecologico, en los quese han ensayado cuatro rotaciones: Cebada-Cebada (C-C), Cebada-Garbanzo (C-GAR), Cebada-Girasol(C-GIR), Cebada-Veza forraje (C-VF).Los resultados indicaron que las variables meteorologicas que han registrado un mayor aumento con eltiempo durante el periodo del ensayo son la temperatura media anual del ano agricola y las correspon-dientes a los meses estivales, siendo la precipitacion registrada durante el mes de mayo, asi como el pe-riodo de heladas, las variables que mas han disminuido. Los cultivos mas afectados negativamente fue-ron el garbanzo y el girasol en ambos manejos y la cebada en ecologico, mientras que la veza forraje severia favorecida en estas condiciones, especialmente en manejo ecologico, debido a su ciclo de cultivo EnglishHerbaceous crops in Mediterranean dryland environments face a great challenge for survival in the sceneof climate change. The intensification of water deficits and the most frequent high temperatureevents during the late spring (April-June), coinciding with the grain filling stage of many species, leadsto continuous yield losses. In the Experimental Farm La Higueruela (Toledo, Spain), located in a typicalMediterranean agricultural environment of the Spanish dry land, it is analyzed how different meteo-rological variables are affecting cereal, chickpea, sunflower and vetch crops under conventional and eco-logical management. For this purpose, two long-term experiments (27 years) have been carried out, conventional end ecological managements, in which four crop rotations have been tested: Barley-Barley(CC), Barley-Chickpea (C-GAR), Barley -Sunflower (C-GIR), Barley-Vetch forage (C-VF).The results indicated that the meteorological variables that have registered a greater increase over timeduring the trial period are the average annual temperature of the agricultural year and those corres-ponding to the summer months, with the precipitation recorded during the month of May, as well asthe frost period, the variables that have suffered the highest decrease. The most negatively affectedcrops were chickpea and sunflower in both agricultural managements and barley in organic farming,while the forage vetch would be favored in these conditions, especially in ecological management, dueto its cultivation period

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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