AbstractEighty‐five Selaginella taxon names from the Neotropics are examined based on previous available revisionary work and on the study here undertaken. Of these, we provide lectotypification for thirty‐nine names, corresponding to twenty‐one species and three varieties currently accepted, and the remainders are synonyms. We also provide second‐step lectotypification for nine names, corresponding to five accepted species and four synonyms, while further documenting two previously conducted in one of each of those categories. A new variety is proposed, S. moritziana var. pearcei, and three new synonyms are recommended (i.e., S. cunninghamii [= S. muscosa ], S. daguensis [= S. xiphophylla], and S. leprieurii [= S. porelloides]). Also, we submit complementary information on herbarium sheet numbers or barcode data for most taxa, as well as for the location of duplicates of type material. Finally, of the examined taxa we recognize thirty‐six valid taxa of Selaginella, including three varieties.