The present study compiles the results of bryophyte species inventories made at the Mordovia State Nature Reserve from 2014 till 2016. The reserve is located near southern limit of deciduous-coniferous forest subzone. In total 96% of the reserve is covered by forests, where about half are pine forests. The annotated bryophyte checklist includes 142 moss species and 23 liverwort species. The data on collecting site characteristics, habitats, substrates, bryophyte species frequency, and sporophyte presence are provided. Presented treatment is a key contribution to the bryophyte flora of Mordovia and important for the knowledge on bryophyte distribution of this forested area within strongly anthropogenically disturbed European Russian landscape.