GENERAL OVERVIEW Definitions and Fundamentals of Biochar Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha, Dinesh Mohan, Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana, Sang Soo Lee, and Yong Sik Ok Biochar: State of the Art Prasanna Kumarathilaka, Sonia Mayakaduwa, Indika Herath, and Meththika Vithanage BIOCHAR PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION Biochar Production Technology: An Overview Sophie M. Uchimiya Chemical, Physical, and Surface Characterization of Biochar Fungai N.D. Mukome and Sanjai J. Parikh ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS Biochar for Inorganic Contaminant Management in Soil Ramya Thangarajan, Nanthi Bolan, Sanchita Mandal, Anitha Kunhikrishnan, Girish Choppala, Rajasekar Karunanithi, and Fangjie Qi Biochar for Organic Contaminant Management in Soil Xiaokai Zhang, Kim McGrouther, Lizhi He, Huagang Huang, Kouping Lu, and Hailong Wang Biochar for Inorganic Contaminant Management in Waste and Wastewater Anitha Kunhikrishnan, Irshad Bibi, Nanthi Bolan, Balaji Seshadri, Girish Choppala, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Won-Il Kim, and Yong Sik Ok Biochar for Organic Contaminant Management in Water and Wastewater Ming Zhang and Li Lu AGRONOMIC APPLICATIONS AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Biochar Effects on Soil Fertility and Nutrient Cycling Yanjiang Cai and Scott X. Chang Biochar Substrate for Hydroponic Vegetable Production Ataullah Khan, Nick Savidov, John Zhang, Jian Yang, Tim Anderson, Don Harfield, and Anthony O. Anyia Effects of Straw-Derived Biochar on Rice Paddy Da Dong, Weixiang Wu, and Ting Zhong Biochar Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Storage Hongjie Zhang, R. Paul Voroney, and Gordon W. Price Biochar Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Pranoy Pal FUTURE PROSPECTS Emerging Applications of Biochar Daniel C.W. Tsang, Jingzi Beiyuan, and Mei Deng