Introduction and Overview Advances in Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation and Agricultural Croplands, Prasad S. Thenkabail, John G. Lyon, and Alfredo Huete Hyperspectral Sensor Systems Hyperspectral Sensor Characteristics: Airborne, Spaceborne, Hand-Held, and Truck-Mounted Integration of Hyperspectral Data with LIDAR Fred Ortenberg Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Global Change Studies Jiaguo Qi, Yoshio Inoue, and Narumon Wiangwang Data Mining, Algorithms, Indices Hyperspectral Data Mining Sreekala G. Bajwa and Subodh S. Kulkarni Hyperspectral Data Processing Algorithms Antonio Plaza, Javier Plaza, Gabriel Martin, and Sergio Sanchez Leaf and Plant Biophysical and Biochemical Properties Nondestructive Estimation of Foliar Pigment (Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, and Anthocyanins) Contents: Evaluating a Semianalytical Three-Band Model Anatoly A. Gitelson Forest Leaf Chlorophyll Study Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Yongqin Zhang Estimating Leaf Nitrogen Concentration (LNC) of Cereal Crops with Hyperspectral Data Yan Zhu, Wei Wang, and Xia Yao Characterization on Pastures Using Field and Imaging Spectrometers Izaya Numata Optical Remote Sensing of Vegetation Water Content Colombo Roberto, Busetto Lorenzo, Meroni Michele, Rossini Micol, and Panigada Cinzia Estimation of Nitrogen Content in Crops and Pastures Using Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices Daniela Stroppiana, F. Fava, M. Boschetti, and P.A. Brivio Vegetation Biophysical Properties Spectral Bioindicators of Photosynthetic Efficiency and Vegetation Stress Elizabeth M. Middleton, K. Fred Huemmrich, Yen-Ben Cheng, and Hank A. Margolis Spectral and Spatial Methods for Hyperspectral Image Analysis for Estimation of Biophysical and Biochemical Properties of Agricultural Crops Victor Alchanatis and Yafit Cohen Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices Dar A. Roberts, Keely L. Roth, and Ryan L. Perroy Remote Sensing Estimation of Crop Biophysical Characteristics at Various Scales Anatoly A. Gitelson Vegetation Processes and Function (ET, Water Use, GPP, LUE, Phenology) Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Tools for Quantifying Plant Litter and Invasive Species in Arid Ecosystems Pamela Lynn Nagler, B.B. Maruthi Sridhar, Aaryn Dyami Olsson, Willem J.D. van Leeuwen, and Edward P. Glenn Species Identification Crop Type Discrimination Using Hyperspectral Data Lenio Soares Galvao, Jose Carlos Neves Epiphanio, Fabio Marcelo Breunig, and Antonio Roberto Formaggio Identification of Canopy Species in Tropical Forests Using Hyperspectral Data Matthew L. Clark Detecting and Mapping Invasive Plant Species by Using Hyperspectral Data Ruiliang Pu Land Cover Applications Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Forest Management Valerie Thomas Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Wetland Vegetation Elijah Ramsey III and Amina Rangoonwala Characterization of Soil Properties Using Reflectance Spectroscopy E. Ben-Dor Detecting Crop Management, Plant Stress, and Disease Analysis of the Effects of Heavy Metals on Vegetation Hyperspectral Reflectance Properties E. Terrence Slonecker Hyperspectral Narrowbands and Their Indices on Assessing Nitrogen Contents of Cotton Crop Applications Jianlong Li, Cherry Li, Dehua Zhao, and Chengcheng Gang Using Hyperspectral Data in Precision Farming Applications Haibo Yao, Lie Tang, Lei Tian, Robert L. Brown, Deepak Bhatnagar, and Thomas E. Cleveland Hyperspectral Data in Global Change Studies Hyperspectral Data in Long-Term, Cross-Sensor Continuity Studies Tomoaki Miura and Hiroki Yoshioka Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Outer Planets Hyperspectral Analysis of Rocky Surfaces on the Earth and Other Planetary Bodies R. Greg Vaughan, Timothy N. Titus, Jeffery R. Johnson, Justin J. Hagerty, Lisa R. Gaddis, Laurence A. Soderblom, and Paul E. Geissler Conclusions and Way Forward Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation and Agricultural Crops: Knowledge Gain and Knowledge Gap After 40 Years of Research Prasad S. Thenkabail, John G. Lyon, and Alfredo Huete Index