We give a pedagogical review of the theory of CP violation with emphasis on the implications of recent experimental results. The review includes: (i) A detailed description of how CP violation arises in the Standard Model and in its extension that allows for neutrino masses; (ii) The formalism of CP violation in meson decays and its application to various K decays (��_K, ��^\prime and K\to������), D decays (D\to K��and D\to KK) and B decays (B\to\ell��X, B\to��K_S and B\to����, including a discussion of the `penguin pollution' problem); (iii) Supersymmetry: the CP problems and the use of CP violation as a probe of the mechanism of dynamical supersymmetry breaking.

58 pages, 1 Postscript figure, lectures at the 55th Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics, St. Andrews, Scotland, August 7-23, 2001